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Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): APRIL : MUJAHADAH JURNAL ILMU MULTIDISIPLIN

Systematic Literature Review on Digital Green Waqf: Innovations and Impacts for Sustainable Development

Submitted
August 17, 2026
Published
2026-04-02

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the development, innovation, impacts, and implementation challenges of Digital Green Waqf through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach based on the PRISMA framework. The review examined 125 selected articles published between 2015 and 2024 across various international databases. The findings indicate that publications on Digital Green Waqf have grown significantly since 2019, with Malaysia and Indonesia emerging as the principal centers of innovation. The identified digital innovations include waqf crowdfunding, Islamic fintech, blockchain, smart contracts, waqf asset tokenization, the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and artificial intelligence (AI). These technologies have demonstrably enhanced fundraising efficiency, asset management transparency, institutional accountability, and public participation across geographical boundaries. From a sustainable development perspective, Digital Green Waqf contributes meaningfully to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly poverty alleviation, inequality reduction, clean energy, sustainable cities, and climate action. Innovative models such as solar waqf, forest waqf, waqf-based organic agriculture, and green infrastructure highlight the potential of waqf as a sustainable socio-environmental financing instrument. Nevertheless, its implementation continues to face several challenges, including unharmonized regulations, limited digital literacy among nazhir (waqf managers), inadequate infrastructure, and differing Shariah standards across countries. This study proposes the concept of the Integrated Digital Green Waqf Ecosystem (IDGWE), which integrates Shariah principles, digital technology, and environmental sustainability as a future development framework. With appropriate governance structures and supportive policy measures, Digital Green Waqf has the potential to become an innovative global solution for addressing poverty, inequality, and the climate crisis in the twenty-first century.

References

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