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Articles

Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): MARET : MUJAHADAH JURNAL ILMU MULTIDISIPLIN

MAPPING THE LANDSCAPE OF DIGITAL GREEN WAQF: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF TRENDS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES

Submitted
August 17, 2026
Published
2026-03-03

Abstract

This study aims to map the evolving landscape of Digital Green Waqf through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA 2020 protocol. The concept of Digital Green Waqf reflects the integration of waqf, digital transformation, and environmental sustainability as an innovative instrument within the broader framework of Islamic social finance. Data were collected from five major international databases—Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, and DOAJ—covering publications from 2010 to 2024. From an initial pool of 2,847 records, 87 studies met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently analyzed using thematic synthesis, content analysis, and bibliometric techniques with VOSviewer and Bibliometrix. The findings reveal a significant increase in scholarly attention to Digital Green Waqf since 2019, with the largest contributions originating from Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Middle East. Key trends identified in the literature include the digitalization of waqf platforms, the use of blockchain to enhance asset transparency, fintech-based waqf crowdfunding, the integration of green waqf for environmental financing, and alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks. Major challenges include regulatory fragmentation, low levels of digital literacy, limited managerial capacity among nazhir (waqf managers), insufficient technological standardization, and the lack of reliable empirical data. At the same time, the review highlights substantial strategic opportunities, including stronger integration with the global Islamic finance ecosystem, support for energy transition and climate action, the adoption of artificial intelligence, South–South collaboration, and the development of global standards for green waqf. Based on these findings, the study proposes an integrative conceptual framework built upon three interconnected pillars: digital technology, maqasid al-shariah, and the global sustainability agenda. Overall, the results suggest that Digital Green Waqf has strong potential to emerge as an inclusive, transparent, and sustainable Islamic philanthropic instrument capable of addressing the socio-ecological challenges of the twenty-first century.

References

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